CONDICIONALES "IF"

 

CONDICIONALES

0            If I study, I pass my exams

1            If I study, I will pass my exams.

2            If I studied I would pass my exams.

3            If I had studied, I would have passed my exams.

Los condicionales se emplean para especular acerca de lo que podría ocurrir, lo que puede haber ocurrido y lo que desearíamos que ocurriese. En inglés, la mayoría de las oraciones que emplean el tiempo verbal condicional contienen el término "if"

Tipo de oración condicional	Uso	Tiempo verbal de la proposición "if"	Tiempo verbal de la proposición principal
Tipo 0	Hechos generales	Simple present	Simple present
Tipo 1	Una condición posible y su resultado probable	Simple present	Simple future
Tipo 2	Una condición hipotética y su resultado probable	Simple past	Present conditional o Present continuous conditional
Tipo 3	Una condición no real del pasado y su resultado probable en el pasado	Past perfect	Perfect conditional
Mixto	Una condición no real del pasado y su resultado probable en el presente	Past perfect	Present conditional

Un if en programación se utiliza para evaluar una expresión condicional: si se cumple la condición (es verdadera), ejecutará un bloque de código. Si es falsa, es posible ejecutar otras sentencias.

Como hemos dicho, la condición es una condición lógica, sólo devolverá true o false, y se ejecutará si su valor es true.

if (condicion) instruccion;

Condicional tipo cero

El "zero conditional" se utiliza cuando el tiempo al que nos referimos es ahora o siempre y la situación es real y posible. Este tipo de condicional suele emplearse para hablar de hechos generales. El tiempo verbal de ambas proposiciones es el "simple present". En las oraciones condicionales de tipo 0, el término "if" puede normalmente sustituirse por "when" sin que cambie el significado.

                                

If you don't put sun cream on, you get burnt.           If you get a virus, call the IT specialist.

Los condicionales son oraciones compuestas por dos frases. El zero conditional tiene la siguiente estructura:

If + sujeto + present simple, sujeto + present simple

If you boil water, it evaporates

When you boil water, it evaporates

If I eat seafood, I get an allergy

I get an allergy If I eat seafood

I             eat                don't eat

You        eat               don't eat

He          eats             doesn't eat

She         eats             doesn't eat

It             eats            doesn't eat 

We          eat              don't eat

They       eat              don't eat

• If you freeze water, it becomes a solid.
• Plants die if they don't get enough water.
• If my girlfriend has a cold, I usually catch it.
• If public transport is efficient, people stop using their cars.
• If you mix red and blue, you get purple.

When public transport is efficient,                      I look it up in my dictionary.

If you cross the line,                                            you get purple.

Plants die                                                             the light comes on.

If you mix red and blue,                                      if they don’t get enough water.

If you press that button,                                      people stop using their cars.
 
If I don’t know a word,                                      you are in our country.   

                         

1. If you  (drop) an egg, it  (break).

 

2. If you  (pour) oil on water, it  (float).

 

3. If I  (not sleep) well, I (look) like a zombie in the mornings.

 

4. If you  (not buy) Alice everything she wants to, she  (cry).

 

5. If you  (pay) with your credit card at Mercadona Supermarkets, you  (get) a discount.

Condicional tipo 1

El "type 1 conditional" se emplea para referirse al presente o futuro cuando la situación es real. El condicional tipo 1 se refiere a una condición posible y su resultado probable. En estas oraciones, la cláusula "if" adopta el "simple present" y la proposición principal el "simple future".

Proposición "if" (condición)	Proposición principal (resultado)
If + simple present	simple future
If this thing happens	that thing will happen.

If you study hard, you'll get good marks.

If I study harder, I will pass my exam.                     I will pass my exam, If I study harder.

If you eat too much, you will gain weight.              You will gain weight, If you eat too much.

If you don't study, you won't pass the exam.           You won't pass the exam If you don't study

If the weather is fine, I will go out                           I won't go out, If the weather isn't fine.

1. If I ___________ time tonight, I will finish the novel that I am reading.
   will have
   am having
   have
   has
   


2. If he calls me "lazy" again, I ________ help him when he is in trouble.
   won't
   am
   don't
   can't
   


3. If David ________ answer my phone this time I ________ call him again.
   won't / doesn't
   doesn't / won't
   won't / don't
   isn't / won't
   


4. Choose the correct sentence.
   If you won't try harder, you will fail.
   You are late if you won't leave now.
   If the game is good I am playing it.
   If the sun shines I will go swimming.
   


5. Put the words into the correct order. "If, her mother, exams, happy, be, Jane, passes, will, her,
   If her mother be happy Jane will passes her exams.
   If Jane will be happy her mother passes her exams.
   If Jane passes her exams, her mother will be happy.
   If Jane will passes her exams her mother are happy.
   


6. If you eat to much junk food you ____________ fatter.
   will become
   become
   are becoming
   became
   


7. I will stay in bed If I ________________ well tomorrow.
   won't feel
   felt
   don't feel
   not feel
   


8. If you __________ by plane it ____________ 2 hours.
   are going / will take
   go / will take
   will go / take
   won't go / don't take
   


9. What is wrong with this sentence? "My uncle will buy a car if he have enough money."
   "will buy" must be "buy"
   "have" must be "has"
   "have" must be "will have"
   "will buy" must be "buys"
   


10. I will leave early ______________________.
    if I will finish my work
    if I am finish my work
    if I finish my work
    if I won't finish my work

CONDICIONAL CERO Y CONDICIONAL 1

If I study, I pass my exams.            It is a fact. 

If I study, I will pass my exams.     There is a big chance to pass.

CONDICIONAL 2 Y 3

Condicional tipo 2

El "type 2 conditional" se utiliza para referirse a un tiempo que puede ser ahora o en cualquier momento y a una situación que no es real. Estas oraciones no aluden a hechos. El condicional tipo 2 se emplea para hacer referencia a una condición hipotética y su resultado probable. En estas oraciones, la proposición "if" adopta el "simple past" y la cláusula principal el "present conditional".

 The second conditional uses the past simple after if, then 'would' and the infinitive:

 · if + past simple, ...would + infinitive (We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and 'he/she/it'. This is mostly done in formal writing).

             If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house

                                            Simple Past                             would+present

· If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.

  If I won the lottery, I would buy a new house 

  If I saw a ghost, I would run away. 

· She would travel all over the world if she were /was rich.

· She would pass the exam if she ever studied

   If I didn't study, I would work  / I'd work

   If I didn't go to the school, I wouldn't have  to do homework

   I would buy a Ferrari if I had a lot of money

If I won the lottery…

I would buy a new house

I could buy a new house

I might buy a new house

I may buy a new house

 Clark is a guy who usually gets sick because he doesn’t have a healthy lifestyle. He eats lots of junk food and smokes a package of cigarettes a day. Obviously, he doesn’t do exercise. He is a couch potato. He is always sitting on the couch watching movies and series on Netflix. He is overweight, so he isn’t that confident. He is very shy and doesn’t go out very often because he doesn’t have many friends. Most of the time, he is depressed, so he eats junk food and drinks pop to feel better. This is a never-ending story! Poor Clark!

 Condicional tipo 3

El "type 3 conditional" se emplea para referirse a un tiempo situado en el pasado y a una situación contraria a la realidad. Se basa en unos hechos que son opuestos a lo que se está expresando. El condicional tipo 3 se utiliza para hacer referencia a una condición del pasado que no es real, así como a su resultado probable en el pasado. En estas oraciones, la cláusula "if" adopta el "past perfect" y la proposición principal el "perfect conditional".

· if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle It talks about the past. It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen, and to imagine the result of this situation.

 

 If she had studied, she would have passed the exam

                                    had+past participle            would have + past participle

· If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick

 · If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane.

· She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier.

· She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university.

· He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine.

 

Match the columns

If I hadn’t driven so fast                     he would have learned French

If I had studied more,                         she wouldn’t have missed the plane

If had had time                                    I wouldn’t have had an accident

If he had gone to France                     I would have passed the exam

If she had arrived earlier,                   I would have finished my homework

The mystery of the Red Truck 

By Sally Nicholls, a local reporter 

    It has been confirmed that late on the night of the sixth of July, a large red truck ran into the bakery on Maryland Street. After an initial investigation by police, it is now clear that the truck had no driver at all. 

    The locals are asking a simple question: “Where was the driver?” If the police want to solve this mystery, they will need the CCTV footage from the street. 

One of the locals said: “We’re all quite worried about a truck with no driver. This truck has never been seen in the neighbourhood before. If we’d seen that truck before, we’d solve this mystery now.” Many locals share the same concerns. They want to know what’s happening in their town. 

    A witness at the crime scene told police: “There was a loud noise coming from the truck while it was going towards the building and its speed.... it was unbelievable. If it had been going slower, I would’ve had a chance to see the driver. But all I saw was the truck speeding into the bakery as fast as it could.’’ The police have already spoken with eleven other residents but no one knows any further details about the incident. 

    Superintendent Amanda Slippers remarked: “This is a tough case. The truck licence plate belongs to this town, but nobody has seen it here. According to the town records, the owner of the truck moved away from here years ago. No one knows where to. If we located the owner, we'd probably solve this mystery.’’ If a truck moves, then it has a driver. Well, maybe we should change this basic assumption on account of this mysterious red truck. 

Completa las frases condicionales

Si la policía quiere resolver el misterio……

Si hubiéramos visto la camioneta antes……

Si hubiera ido más lento…..

Si localizáramos al propietario….

Si una camioneta se mueve…….

MIXED CONDITIONALS

0            If I study, I pass my exams

1            If I study, I will pass my exams.

              If I study I'll pass my exams           

2            If I studied I would pass my exams.

                If I studied, I'd pass my exams

3            If I had studied, I would have passed my exams.

                If I'd studied, I would've passed my exams

If I were rich, I ____ a new house (Si fuera rico, compraría una casa nueva).

would buy

would have bought

will buy

If you call me, I ____ (Si me llamas, vendré).

come

came

will come

If you ____, you will pass (Si has estudiado, aprobarás).

had studied

have studied

study

If she had come, she ____ you (Si hubiera venido, te habría visto).

would has seen

would have see

would have seen

If you shout, she ____ you off (Si gritas, te va a regañar).

will tell

would tell

will told

If I ____ to his house, I wouldn't have had an accident (Si no hubiera ido a su casa, no habría sufrido un accidente).

haven't gone

hadn't gone

would have gone

If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it ____ (Si tú calientas agua a 100ºC, hierve).

boil

will boil

boils

If he doesn't hurry, he ____ the flight (Si no se da prisa, va a perder el vuelo).

will miss

would miss

misses

If I ____ more money, I would travel more often (Si tuviera más dinero, viajaría más a menudo).

have had

had

would have

If you come to my house, we ____ a film (Si vienes a mi casa, veremos una película).

watched

would watch

will watch

1. . If  I                 had known              knew              know  (know) the truth I wouldn’t have said those stupid words.

 

2. If I                    had had              had              have  (have) more money I would buy a new house.

 

3. John                would come              would have come              will come  (come) if Mary calls him.

 

4. If I                   am              were              had been  (be) you, I would visit Ann.

 

5. You                wouldn't arrive              would have arrived              won't arrive  (not arrive) on time unless you hurry up.

 

6. If I                  studied              study              had studied  (study) harder I will pass my two exams tomorrow.

 

7. Rosy                 would come              come              would have come  (come) if you hadn’t been so stupid with her.

 

8. If you heat the water, it                would boil              boils              will boil  (boil).

 

9. Maria’s baby                sleeps              will sleep              would sleep  (sleep) if you kept silence.

 

10. Vanessa                   would pass              will pass              would have passed  (pass) her exams if she feels confident.